Major ions and stable isotopes of groundwater in the cape coast granitoid complex g1 and lower birimian lb formations in the eastern region of ghana were evaluated to establish the source of recharge to the groundwater system. Compositional data analysis as a robust tool to delineate hydrochemical facies within and between gasbearing aquifers d. Hydrochemical facies and of atlantic coastal plain usgs. Hydrochemical facies and corresponding water types in the edwards aquiferiii 20 26 28 35 36 38. Hydrochemical facies data and ranges of dissolvedsolids concentrations used to construct hydrochemical facies maps and sections for u. The main ions, hydrochemical facies, and sources of dissolved solutes were interpreted using a piper diagram. Hydrogeology of gulf coast aquifers, houstongalveston. The hydrogeology of hudspeth county, texas report 364 the hydrogeology of hudspeth county, texas august 2005. Back w 1966 hydrochemical facies and groundwater flow.
Geological survey professional paper 1404l have not been previously published. Hydrochemical facies of groundwater in the gaza strip, palestine. Hydrochemical facies analysis of 1,1,1trichlorethane and. Back w 1966 hydrochemical facies and groundwater flow pattern in northern part of atlantic coastal plain. The left triangle represents the cations and the right one the anions. It is now fairly documented that major ion chemistry of the groundwater can be used to determine an interaction between the groundwater and saline water in the costal aquifers, and that there exists a relationship. Docx printed on 5 may 2012 1 chapter 1 introduction to hydrogeology the properties of water pure water h 2o is.
Fluoride characterization by principal component analysis in the hydrochemical facies of serra geral aquifer system in southern brazil arthur nanni1, ari roisenberg2, jandyra m. Hydrochemical system analysis of public supply well elds. Plot of hydrochemical facies versus saturated thickness, ogallala aquifer. Department of geology, university of port harcourt, nigeria available online at.
Groundwater, which is always in motion through aquifers and it interacts with the aquifer material in the subsurface environment. The paper highlights the advantage of a statistical tool i. Pdf hydrochemical facies of groundwater in the gaza. Bradd5 1school of earth, environmental and biological sciences, queensland university of technology, brisbane, queensland. Salinity diagrams of ground water in ogallala, cretaceous, and triassic rocks. Abstract 1 in this paper, classification of a large hydrochemical data set more than 600 water samples and 11 hydrochemical variables from southeastern california by fuzzy cmeans fcm and hierarchical cluster analysis hca clustering techniques is performed and its application to hydrochemical facies delineation is discussed. Hydrochemical facies and groundwater flow patterns in northern atlantic coastal plain.
For readers interested in advanced hydrology, groundwater hydrology, hydrogeology, and civil engineering. The formation of various hydrochemical facieswater types will be influenced by geochemistry of groundwater present within an aquifer, which is. Basic concepts of groundwater hydrology thomas harteris uc cooperative extension hydrogeology specialist,university of california,davis,and kearney agricultural center. Hydrochemical facies of groundwater in the gaza strip.
The university of texas at austin, bureau of economic geology, report of investigations no. Documentation of hydrochemicalfacies data and ranges of. Information about changes in groundwater chemistry and hydrogeochemical processes. The camgso4cl constitutes about 35% of the chemical facies and its evolutionary trend is due to simple hydrochemical mixing between. Hydrochemical studies of ground water in parts of lagos. The base of the cation triangle is the axis for calcium, the left side.
Tds ranged from 195 to 3580 mgl, while the ec ranged from 292 to 5360 mscm. Hydrochemical data for the edwards aquifer in the san antonio area, te xas by robert w. The bicarbonate anion facies occurs within more of the shallow coastal plain sediments than does the sul fate or the chloride facies. Pdf hydrochemical facies classification and groundwater quality. Contains tables covering various functions, unit conversions, and additional data for solving well hydraulics, water chemistry, and contaminant transport problems. Fluoride characterization by principal component analysis. To create a graph with the major water constituents, piper 1994 suggested drawing two triangles corresponding with the cations and anions, respectively, and one diamond that summarize both triangles. Groundwater flow patterns and hydrochemical facies. The analytical values obtained from the groundwater samples when plotted on pipers and. Identification of hydrogeochemical facies and ionic ratios of the groundwater in purna alluvial basin have been carried out. Hydrochemical facies are distinct zones that possess action and anion concentration categories. Hydrochemical facies and groundwater flow patterns in northern. Hydrochemical characterization of groundwater in around tirupati area, chittoor district, andhra pradesh, south india principal component analysis and hydrochemical facies characterization to evaluate groundwater quality in varahi river basin, karnataka state, india. In this area, the normanton formation a sand rich facies of the rolling downs group directly.
Hydrochemical facies and groundwater flow patterns in. Hydrochemical map the groundwater chemistry is shown in form of hydrochemical types of water using standard classification scheme. It is intended to provide a database for sharing with stakeholders in the water sector, and to monitor and check land use practices in the recharge areas to ensure the safety of groundwater usage in the area. Salinity diagrams of ogallala water contaminated by saline lakes and oil field brines. The fuzzy membership function was then used to evaluate the water quality according to the environmental quality standard for surface water in china table 1. Delineation of hydrochemical facies distribution in a. Facies are recognizable parts of different characters belonging to any genetically related system. He is now an associate professor of geology at the university of south florida. Groundwater flow pattern reveals predominance of recharge and discharge at the northern and southern parts respectively. One form of hfa is the piper diagram, in which major cations and major anions are plotted on ternary diagrams in. Hydrochemical, geophysical and multivariate statistical.
The analytical values obtained from the groundwater samples when plotted on pipers and chadhas plots revealed that the. Hydrochemicalfacies data and ranges of dissolvedsolids concentrations used to construct hydrochemicalfacies maps and sections for u. By use of available head data, flow patterns of the fresh ground water are shown on maps and cross sections. Received 29 th april 2011, revised 12th may 2011, accepted 27 th may 2011 abstract a hydro geochemical facies and ionic ratios.
In this respect a total of 67 ground water samples were collected randomly in akure, southwestern, nigeria from hand pumpdug wells and. The beaumont formation, overlying the alta loma sand, is a highmudpercent unit that represents a coastal. The facies are a function of the lithology, solution kinetics, and flow patterns of the aquifer back, 1960. Assessment of longterm evolution of groundwater hydrochemical characteristics using multiple approaches.
The hydrochemical facies analysis hfa technique was developed in the 1960s as a tool for categorizing waters based on their major ion composition see discussion of early history in freeze and cherry, 1979. Hydrochemical, water types, facies, asu river group and ezeaku group. The hydrochemical facies are evaluated using the trilinear diagram for 200 water samples. Hydrochemical results provide a basis for the characterization of groundwater within each hydrogeological unit. Groundwater hydrochemical characterisation surat region and laura basin, queensland the coal seam gas csg industry has expanded rapidly in queensland over the last decade and is expected to expand. Interpretation of hydrochemical facies by factor analysis dalton. Hydrochemical facies and ionic ratios of groundwater in. Compositional data analysis as a robust tool to delineate. The liulin karst system is typical of hydrogeological systems in northwestern china, with a group of springs as the dominant mechanism for regional groundwater discharge. Hydrochemical facies evaluation in umm er radhuma limestone, eastern saudi arabia zeka. Hydrochemical facies and graphical procedure to identify. Groundwater flow patterns and hydrochemical facies distribution. The term hydrochemical facies is used to describe the spatial variations in aquifer groundwater quality variations. Hydrochemical types of groundwater are expressed in solid color and or using screens.
Lp 1 hydrochemical data for the edwards aquifer in the. To define composition class, back and coworkers 14 suggested subdivisions of the trilinear diagram figure 5. In addition, natural causes low aquifer recharge due to low and variable precipitation in relation to climate change and anthropogenic factors wide fertilizer use caused by intensive agricultural. Hydrochemical facies and ionic ratios of the coastal.
A piper diagram is a graphical representation of the chemistry of a water sample or samples the cations and anions are shown by separate ternary plots. Our entire living worldplants, animals, and humansis unthinkable without abundant water. Hydrochemical analysis and evaluation of groundwater. Five major hydrochemical facies were identified in the various rocks in the study area. The apexes of the anion plot are sulfate, chloride and carbonate plus hydrogen carbonate anions. The sample plotting falls in different areas in these diagrams table 6. Map showing arsenic concentrations in ogallala ground water. The mapping of hydrochemical facies shows that at shallow depths within the coastal plain less than about 200 ft the calciummagnesium cation facies gener ally predominates. The work is based on 162 groundwater samples belonging to bore wells 103 and dug wells 59, collected in pre and postmonsoon periods of the year. Principal component analysis and hydrochemical facies. Groundwater hydrochemical characterization and quality. The occurrence of the various facies within one formation or group of formations in which the mineralogy is uniform indicates that the flow of characteristics of the aquifer systems controls the distribution of the hydrochemical facies. To reveal the hydrochemical formation mechanism of the liulin karst groundwater system, we studied the hydrogeochemical processes of karst groundwater in aquifers at the base of the. Hydrochemical facies of groundwater in the gaza strip, palestine 361 fig.
The present study envisages the importance of graphical representations like piper trilinear diagram and chadhas plot, respectively to determine variation in hydrochemical facies and understand the evolution of hydrochemical processes in the varahi river basin. Groundwater hydrochemical characterisationsurat regio. Groundwater chemistry and hydrogeology of the upper saddle. Hydrochemical facies, groundwater evolution, and physicochemical reactions between soil or rock and water are of considerable importance when evaluating or predicting the nature of anthropogenic impacts on groundwater quality.
In this report, the data are contained on a 312inch highdensity diskette in a file presented in american. Dynamic of seawater interface using hydrochemical facies evolution diagram hfed. Gross alpha and gross beta were analyzed to provide a general indication of total radioactivity. Clear, colorless no discernable taste or smell at 1 atmosphere melting point. A case study in cangzhou, northern china wei li 1, mingyu wang 1, liya liu 2 and yan yan 3 1 college of resources and environment, university of chinese academy of sciences, no. Includes welldeveloped case studies in most of the chapters. The apexes of the cation plot are calcium, magnesium and sodium plus potassium cations. Hydrochemical facies and ionic ratios of the coastal groundwater aquifer of saudi gulf of aqaba. The hydrochemical facies are frequently compared by means of graphical representations back, 1961. Tritium was analyzed because of its proximity to the onsite tritium plume in the unconfined aquifer. Groundwater evolution, hydrochemical facies and quality. Hydrochemical facies and ionic ratios of groundwater in port harcourt, southern nigeria nwankwoala h. Intensive pumping of groundwater leads to the decline of groundwater levels, and may cause excessive salinization of water resources as observed in recent years trabelsi et al.